Kuphi ukulahleka kwesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic?

Ukulahlekelwa kwesiteshi samandla okusekelwe ekulahlekeni kokumuncwa kwe-photovoltaic array kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-inverter
Ngaphezu komthelela wezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukukhishwa kwezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic nakho kuthinteka ekulahlekelweni kokukhiqizwa kwesiteshi samandla kanye nemishini yokusebenza. Uma kukhulu ukulahleka kwempahla yesiteshi sikagesi, kuncane ukukhiqizwa kukagesi. Ukulahlekelwa kwemishini yesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa izigaba ezine: ukulahlekelwa kwe-photovoltaic square array absorption, ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter, umugqa wokuqoqa amandla kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-box transformer, ukulahlekelwa kwesiteshi se-booster, njll.

(1) Ukulahlekelwa kokumuncwa kwe-photovoltaic array ukulahlekelwa amandla kusukela kuhlu lwe-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa ibhokisi lesihlanganisi kuya ekugcineni kokufaka kwe-DC ye-inverter, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kokuhluleka kwengxenye ye-photovoltaic, ukulahlekelwa kwesivikelo, ukulahlekelwa i-engeli, ukulahleka kwentambo ye-DC, nokulahlekelwa kwegatsha lebhokisi lesihlanganisi;
(2) Ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-inverter DC kuya ku-AC ukuguqulwa, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla amakhulu okulandela ukulandelela kwe-MPPT;
(3) Ulayini wokuqoqwa kwamandla kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-transformer yebhokisi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla asuka ekugcineni kokufaka kwe-AC ye-inverter ngokusebenzisa i-transformer yebhokisi ukuya kumitha yamandla yegatsha ngalinye, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwe-inverter outlet, ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwebhokisi kanye nokulahlekelwa komugqa wesitshalo;
(4) Ukulahleka kwesiteshi esinikeza amandla ukulahlekelwa okuvela kumitha kagesi yegatsha ngalinye ngokusebenzisa isiteshi esikhuthazayo ukuya kumitha yesango, okuhlanganisa ukulahleka kwe-transformer enkulu, ukulahleka kwe-transformer yesiteshi, ukulahleka kwebhasi nokunye ukulahleka kolayini besiteshi.

Ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha ka-Okthoba yezitshalo zamandla ezintathu ze-photovoltaic ngokusebenza kahle okuphelele kuka-65% kuya ku-75% namandla afakiwe angu-20MW, 30MW kanye no-50MW, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-photovoltaic array array nokulahlekelwa kwe-inverter yizici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukukhishwa kwesiteshi samandla. Phakathi kwazo, i-photovoltaic array inokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokumuncwa, okulinganiselwa ku-20 ~ 30%, okulandelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter, kubalwa cishe nge-2 ~ 4%, kuyilapho umugqa wokuqoqa amandla kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-transformer yebhokisi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesiteshi se-booster kuncane kakhulu, ngenani eliphelele elilinganiselwa ku-2%.
Ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwesiteshi sikagesi esingu-30MW se-photovoltaic esishiwo ngenhla, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwaso ekwakhiweni silinganiselwa kumayuan ayizigidi ezingama-400. Ukulahleka kukagesi esiteshini ngo-Okthoba kwaba ngu-2,746,600 kWh, okuhlanganisa u-34.8% wokuphehlwa kukagesi okucatshangelwayo. Uma kubalwa ku-1.0 yuan nge-kilowatt-hora, isamba sango-Okthoba Ukulahleka kube ngu-4,119,900 yuan, okube nomthelela omkhulu ezinzuzweni zezomnotho zesiteshi sikagesi.

Unganciphisa kanjani ukulahleka kwesiteshi samandla e-photovoltaic futhi ukwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezine zokulahlekelwa kwemishini yokutshala amandla e-photovoltaic, ukulahlekelwa komugqa wokuqoqa kanye ne-transformer yebhokisi kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesiteshi se-booster ngokuvamile kuhlobene eduze nokusebenza kwemishini ngokwayo, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzinzile. Kodwa-ke, uma imishini ihluleka, izobangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile nokuzinzile. Ngokuhlelwa kwe-photovoltaic kanye nama-inverters, ukulahlekelwa kungancishiswa ngokwakhiwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokusebenza nokugcinwa kamuva. Ukuhlaziya okuqondile kungokulandelayo.

(1) Ukwehluleka nokulahlekelwa kwamamojula we-photovoltaic kanye nemishini yebhokisi lokuhlanganisa
Kunemishini eminingi yokutshala amandla e-photovoltaic. Isikhungo samandla we-photovoltaic esingu-30MW esibonelweni esingenhla sinamabhokisi okuhlanganisa angu-420, ngalinye linamagatsha angu-16 (inani lamagatsha angu-6720), futhi igatsha ngalinye linamaphaneli angu-20 (inani lamabhethri angu-134,400) Ibhodi), inani lempahla yokusebenza likhulu. Uma isibalo sikhulu, sikhuphuka imvamisa yokuhluleka kwemishini kanye nokulahleka okukhulu kwamandla. Izinkinga ezivamile ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa ukushiswa kwamamojula we-photovoltaic, umlilo ebhokisini lokuhlangana, amapaneli ebhethri aphukile, ama-welding amanga okuhola, amaphutha kumjikelezo wegatsha webhokisi lokuhlanganisa, njll. Ukuze sinciphise ukulahlekelwa kwalesi sici, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele siqinise ukwamukelwa kokuqedwa futhi siqinisekise ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola eziphumelelayo nezindlela zokwamukela. Izinga lempahla yesiteshi sikagesi lihlobene nekhwalithi, okuhlanganisa ikhwalithi yempahla yefekthri, ukufakwa kwemishini kanye nokuhlelwa okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuklama, kanye nekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusebenza okukhaliphile kwesiteshi sikagesi nokuhlaziya idatha yokusebenza ngezindlela eziyisizayo ezihlakaniphile ukuze kutholwe umthombo wephutha ngesikhathi, kuxazululwe inkinga, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi nokulungisa izisebenzi, kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiteshi sikagesi.
(2) Ukulahlekelwa kwethunzi
Ngenxa yezici ezifana ne-angle yokufaka nokuhlelwa kwamamojula we-photovoltaic, amanye amamojula we-photovoltaic avinjelwe, okuthinta ukuphuma kwamandla kwe-photovoltaic array futhi kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuklama nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela amamojula we-photovoltaic ekubeni emthunzini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo kumamojula we-photovoltaic ngendawo eshisayo, inani elifanele lama-bypass diode kufanele lifakwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe intambo yebhethri ibe izingxenye eziningana, ukuze i-voltage yentambo yebhethri kanye ne-current ilahleke ngokulinganayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa ugesi.

(3) Ukulahlekelwa i-engeli
I-engeli yokuthambekela ye-photovoltaic array iyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 ° kuya ku-90 ° kuye ngenjongo, futhi i-latitude ngokuvamile ikhethwa. Ukukhethwa kwe-angle kuthinta ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamamojula we-photovoltaic kuthinteka yizici ezifana nothuli neqhwa. Ukulahlekelwa amandla okubangelwa ikhava yeqhwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-angle yamamojula we-photovoltaic ingalawulwa ngezindlela ezihlakaniphile ezisizayo ukuze zivumelane nezinguquko zonyaka nesimo sezulu, futhi kwandiswe amandla okukhiqiza amandla esiteshini samandla.
(4) Ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter
Ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter kubonakala ngokuyinhloko ezicini ezimbili, okunye ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-inverter, kanti enye ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa amandla okulandelela amandla aphezulu we-MPPT we-inverter. Zombili izici zinqunywa ukusebenza kwe-inverter ngokwayo. Inzuzo yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter ngokusebenzisa ukusebenza kamuva nokugcinwa kuncane. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwemishini esigabeni sokuqala sokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kukhiyiwe, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuyancipha ngokukhetha i-inverter ngokusebenza okungcono. Esigabeni sakamuva sokusebenza nokulungiswa, idatha yokusebenza kwe-inverter ingaqoqwa futhi ihlaziywe ngezindlela ezihlakaniphile ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwesekwa kwezinqumo zokukhethwa kwemishini yesiteshi esisha sikagesi.

Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla, kungabonakala ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kuzodala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ezitshalweni zamandla e-photovoltaic, futhi ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwesikhungo samandla kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni ezibalulekile kuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuluzi okwamukela asebenzayo asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemishini nokwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla; ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohlelweni lokusebenza nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sikagesi sisesimweni esihle, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela eziyisizayo ezihlakaniphile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi nokwandisa ukuphehlwa kukagesi.