Njengamanje, uhlelo lwaseChina lokuphehla amandla e-photovoltaic luwuhlelo lwe-DC, okuwukushaja amandla kagesi akhiqizwa ibhethri lelanga, futhi ibhethri linikeza amandla ngokuqondile ekulayisheni. Isibonelo, isistimu yezibani zasendlini yelanga eNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina kanye nesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla kagesi esiteshini se-microwave kude negridi zonke ziyisistimu ye-DC. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lunesakhiwo esilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthwalo ohlukile wama-voltage e-DC (afana ne-12V, 24V, 48V, njll.), kunzima ukufeza ukumisa nokuhambisana kohlelo, ikakhulukazi amandla omphakathi, njengoba imithwalo eminingi ye-AC isetshenziswa ngamandla e-DC. . Kunzima ukuthi ugesi we-photovoltaic unikeze ugesi ukuze ungene emakethe njengempahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ekugcineni kuzofeza ukusebenza okuxhunywe kugridi, okumele kuthathe imodeli yemakethe evuthiwe. Ngokuzayo, amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic e-AC azoba inkambi yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic.
Izidingo zesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic yokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi we-inverter
Isistimu yokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic esebenzisa ukuphuma kwamandla e-AC iqukethe izingxenye ezine: uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic, isilawuli sokushaja nokukhipha, ibhethri kanye ne-inverter (uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla oluxhunywe kugridi ngokuvamile lungasindisa ibhethri), futhi i-inverter iyisici esiyinhloko. I-Photovoltaic inezidingo eziphakeme zama-inverters:
1. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kuyadingeka. Ngenxa yentengo ephakeme yamaseli elanga okwamanje, ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamaseli elanga futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter.
2. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kuyadingeka. Njengamanje, amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude, futhi iziteshi eziningi zikagesi azinakwa futhi azinakekelwa. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi isiguquli sibe nesakhiwo sesekethe esiphusile, ukukhethwa kwengxenye eqinile, futhi kudinga ukuthi isiguquli sibe nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuvikela, njengokufakwayo kokuvikelwa kokuxhumeka kwe-DC Polarity, ukuvikelwa kwe-AC okukhipha isifunda esifushane, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile, njll.
3. I-voltage yokufaka ye-DC iyadingeka ukuze kube nezinhlobonhlobo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Njengoba i-terminal voltage yebhethri ishintsha nomthwalo kanye nobukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga, nakuba ibhethri linomphumela obalulekile ku-voltage yebhethri, i-voltage yebhethri iyashintshashintsha ngokushintsha kwamandla asele ebhethri kanye nokumelana kwangaphakathi. Ikakhulukazi lapho ibhethri iguga, i-terminal voltage yayo ihluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, i-terminal voltage yebhethri engu-12 V ingahluka kusuka ku-10 V kuya ku-16 V. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi isiguquli sisebenze ku-DC enkulu Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile phakathi kwebanga le-voltage yokufaka futhi uqinisekise ukuzinza kwe-voltage ephumayo ye-AC.
4. Ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo namakhulu, ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi we-inverter kufanele kube igagasi le-sine elinokuhlanekezela okuncane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinhlelweni zamandla aphakathi nendawo namakhulu, uma kusetshenziswa amandla egagasi lesikwele, okukhiphayo kuzoqukatha izingxenye ze-harmonic ezengeziwe, futhi ama-harmonics aphezulu azodala ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe. Amasistimu amaningi okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic alayishwa ngemishini yokuxhumana noma yezinsimbi. Okokusebenza kunezidingo eziphakeme kukhwalithi yegridi yamandla. Lapho amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic aphakathi nendawo namakhulu exhunywe kugridi, ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kwamandla ngegridi yomphakathi, i-inverter nayo iyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe i-sine wave current.
I-inverter iguqula i-direct current ibe i-alternating current. Uma i-voltage yamanje eqondile iphansi, ikhuliswa i-transformer yamanje eshintshayo ukuze ithole i-voltage yamanje eshintshashintshayo evamile kanye nemvamisa. Kuma-inverter anamandla amakhulu, ngenxa ye-voltage yebhasi ye-DC ephezulu, ukuphuma kwe-AC ngokuvamile akudingi isiguquli ukuze kukhuphule ugesi ku-220V. Kuma-inverter anamandla aphakathi nendawo, amandla kagesi e-DC aphansi kakhulu, njenge-12V, Ku-24V, i-boost circuit kumele yakhelwe. Ama-inverter anamandla amaphakathi namancane ngokuvamile ahlanganisa ama-push-pull inverter circuits, ama-full-bridge inverter circuits nama-high-frequency boost inverter circuits. Amasekhethi e-Push-pull axhuma ipulaki engathathi hlangothi ye-boost transformer kugesi omuhle, namashubhu amabili amandla Omunye umsebenzi, okukhipha amandla e-AC, ngoba ama-transistors kagesi axhunywe endaweni evamile, amasekhethi okushayela nokulawula alula, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-transformer ine-inductance yokuvuza ethile, ingakhawulela i-short-circuit current, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuthembeka kwesifunda. Ububi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-transformer kuphansi futhi amandla okushayela imithwalo ye-inductive ampofu.
I-full-bridge inverter circuit inqoba ukushiyeka kwe-push-pull circuit. I-transistor yamandla ilungisa ububanzi be-pulse okukhiphayo, futhi inani elisebenzayo le-voltage ye-AC ephumayo liyashintsha ngokufanele. Ngoba isekethe ine-freewheeling loop, ngisho nemithwalo ye-inductive, i-voltage waveform okukhiphayo ngeke ihlanekezelwe. Ukungalungi kwalesi sekethi ukuthi ama-transistors amandla ezingalo ezingenhla neziphansi awahlanganyeli phansi, ngakho-ke isifunda sedrayivu esizinikezele noma ukunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa kufanele kusetshenziswe. Ukwengeza, ukuze uvimbele ukuqhutshwa okuvamile kwezingalo zebhuloho eliphezulu nangaphansi, isifunda kufanele senzelwe ukuvalwa bese sivulwa, okungukuthi, isikhathi esifile kufanele sibekwe, futhi isakhiwo sesifunda siyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukukhishwa kwesekethe ye-push-pull kanye nesekhethi yebhuloho eligcwele kumele kwengeze isiguquli esikhuphukayo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-transformer yesinyathelo-up inkulu ngosayizi, iphansi ngokusebenza kahle, futhi ibiza kakhulu, ngokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nobuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-high-frequency step-up busetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuhlanekezela Ingakwazi ukubona i-inverter enamandla amakhulu. Isekhethi yesigaba sangaphambili sokuthuthukisa lesi sijikelezo se-inverter isebenzisa isakhiwo sokudonsa, kodwa imvamisa yokusebenza ingaphezulu kuka-20KHz. I-boost transformer yamukela i-high-frequency magnetic core material, ngakho-ke incane ngosayizi futhi ilula ngesisindo. Ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwemvamisa ephezulu, iguqulwa ibe yamanje eshintshashintshayo enemvamisa ephezulu ngokusebenzisa i-high-frequency transformer, bese kuthi i-high-voltage eqondile yamanje (imvamisa engaphezu kuka-300V) itholwe ngesekhethi yesihlungi se-high-frequency rectifier, bese iguqulwa ngokusebenzisa i-high-frequency rectifier current. Isifunda se-inverter ye-frequency yamandla.
Ngalesi sakhiwo sesifunda, amandla e-inverter athuthukiswa kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo we-inverter kuncishisiwe ngokulinganayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kuyathuthukiswa. Ukungalungi kwesifunda ukuthi isifunda siyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukwethembeka kuphansi kunezifunda ezimbili ezingenhla.
Lawula isifunda se-inverter circuit
Ama-circuits ayinhloko ama-inverters okukhulunywe ngenhla wonke adinga ukutholwa yi-control circuit. Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela ezimbili zokulawula: igagasi lesikwele kanye negagasi elihle nelibuthakathaka. I-inverter power supply circuit enokukhishwa kwe-square wave ilula, iphansi ngezindleko, kodwa iphansi ekusebenzeni futhi inkulu ezingxenyeni ze-harmonic. . Ukukhishwa kwe-Sine wave kuwumkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwama-inverters. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-microelectronics, ama-microprocessors anemisebenzi ye-PWM nawo aphumile. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-inverter bokukhishwa kwe-sine wave bukhulile.
1. Iziguquli ezinokukhishwa kwegagasi lesikwele okwamanje ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe wokuguquguquka kwe-pulse-width, njenge-SG 3 525, TL 494 njalonjalo. Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe e-SG3525 kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-FET amandla njengoba izingxenye zamandla ezishintshayo zingafinyelela ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nama-inverters amanani. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SG3525 inamandla okushayela ngokuqondile amandla e-FETs Ukwazi futhi inomthombo wesithenjwa wangaphakathi kanye ne-amplifier yokusebenza nomsebenzi wokuvikela ugesi ongaphansi, ngakho-ke isifunda sayo se-peripheral silula kakhulu.
2. Ukulawulwa kwe-inverter okuhlanganisiwe okuhambisana nokuphuma kwe-sine wave, isifunda sokulawula se-inverter esinokukhishwa kwe-sine wave singalawulwa yi-microprocessor, njenge-80 C 196 MC ekhiqizwe yi-INTEL Corporation, futhi ikhiqizwa yi-Motorola Company. I-MP 16 kanye ne-PI C 16 C 73 ekhiqizwe yi-MI-CRO CHIP Company, njll. Lawa makhompyutha e-single-chip anamajeneretha e-PWM amaningi, futhi angasetha izingalo zebhuloho eliphezulu nangaphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifile, sebenzisa i-80 C 196 MC yenkampani ye-INTEL ukuze uthole umjikelezo ophumayo we-sine wave, 80 C 196 MC ukuze uqedele ukukhiqizwa kwesiginali ye-sine wave, futhi uthole i-voltage ephumayo ye-AC ukuze kuzuzwe ukusimama kwe-Voltage.
Ukukhethwa Kwamadivayisi Amandla Kusekhethi Esikhulu Se-Inverter
Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zamandla eziyinhloko ze-i-inverterkubaluleke kakhulu. Njengamanje, izingxenye zamandla ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka i-Darlington power transistors (BJT), ama-transistors we-power field effect (MOS-F ET), ama-insulated gate transistors (IGB). T) kanye nokucisha i-thyristor (GTO), njll., izisetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezincane zamandla kagesi aphansi yi-MOS FET, ngoba i-MOS FET inokwehla kwamandla kagesi asezingeni eliphansi nangaphezulu Imvamisa yokushintsha ye-IG BT imvamisa esetshenziswa ku-high-voltage kanye nezinhlelo zomthamo omkhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukumelana nesimo se-MOS FET kuyanda ngokunyuka kwamandla kagesi, futhi i-IG BT isezinhlelweni ze-Medium-capacity ithatha inzuzo enkulu, kuyilapho ezinhlelweni zomthamo omkhulu (ngaphezu kuka-100 kVA), ama-GTO ngokuvamile asetshenziswa. njengezingxenye zamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-21-2021
